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Section pillar · 259 pages

Technical Analysis: Traditional Practice, Tested With Data

Every formation written as a rule, then run over 1.8 million bars.

Textbook technical analysis tells you what a pattern means. This section tells you how often it occurred, what followed it, and whether the difference is large enough to trade. Where the answer is no, the page says no.

The headline finding

125 formations, each written as a rule a machine can run — and the same rule runs in your browser.

Every rule is checked for look-ahead, and swing points are confirmed only after the bars that confirm them have printed. The Python engine and the browser mirror were run against each other across three timeframes: 81,301 detections, 0 differing. Hit rates are being re-measured and are not published until that run completes.

125
formations defined
81,301
detections verified
0
engine–browser mismatches
Pending
hit rates, re-running
Verified · parity pass, 0 differing
01 · 107 formations Candlestick patterns Search and filter all 89, each with its detection rule, occurrence count and verdict. Open the section → 02 · 20 formations Chart patterns The classical geometry, written as machine-checkable conditions rather than a sketch. Open the section → 03 · 5 studies Research What was asked, how it was measured, and what came back, including when nothing did. Open the section →

Every assertion wears a marker

So you can tell textbook consensus from our own measurement without inferring it from tone.

Established

Uncontested and verifiable outside this site.

Traditional claim

What the textbooks assert, reported as their claim.

Method

How the rule was defined and detected.

Measured

Our own output, with the sample size attached.

Unresolved

Too few occurrences to say anything. Said plainly.

Candlestick patterns · 107 formations

Every formation defined as an exact rule

107 formations written as conditions over open, high, low and close, each with the thresholds it uses and the conditions that invalidate it. Search them, filter by direction or candle count, and open any one for its rule and its verdict.

22
single candle
26
two candle
28
three candle
13
four and five candle
Frequency figures came from the same run as the hit rates and have been withdrawn with them. Each formation page publishes the rule and the thresholds a bar has to satisfy to be counted at all.
89 patterns · 227 pages · 124 comparisons

Chart patterns · 20 formations

Exact geometry for all 18 classical formations

Head and shoulders, double tops, wedges, flags and triangles, each drawn from machine-checkable conditions: what has to be true, what the conventional target is, and what invalidates it.

Not measured here

The chart formations carry geometry and the traditional claim, not our own forward-return study. That work is not done yet, and the pages say so rather than implying a verdict.

The studies behind the verdicts

Question · method · result
Research Do Candlestick Patterns Work? 89 Patterns, Measured The headline study. What was asked, how it was measured, and the answer that came back. Research Candlestick Pattern Statistics: Occurrence Rates by Formation How often each formation actually appears, including the one detected exactly once. Research Most Reliable Candlestick Patterns: What the Data Shows The ranking, and why the top of it is thinner than it looks. Method Candlestick Patterns Backtested: Full Method and Limits Detection rules, exit rules, the conditioning grid, and what the test cannot tell you. Research Candlestick Patterns for Day Trading: What the Intraday Data Shows Whether shorter bars change the answer. Supporting Does Technical Analysis Work? What Our Testing Found The section-level answer, with the caveats that belong to it.
Technical Indicators What each one computes, and what it claims to tell you. Multiple Timeframes What changes when the bars change, measured rather than asserted. Technical vs Fundamental What each approach is actually asking of the data. Cheat Sheet All 107 formations on one printable page. Encyclopedia Every formation with its rule, in one reference. Comparisons 124 side-by-side pairs, differing condition by condition.

Test a pattern against your own account, not a textbook.

Log in and run any formation through the sizing and performance tools, with the sample size and the verdict attached.

What is on this site, and what is not

Technical analysis is four fairly different activities that share a name. Only the first is published here, and the reason is not that the others are worthless — it is that the first is the one that can be written as a rule and checked.

Four things called technical analysis
KindCovered here
Price formations — candlesticks, chart shapesYes. 125 of them, each as an executable condition with published thresholds
Indicators — moving averages, RSI, MACDOnly inside the [strategies](/strategies) section, as complete rules rather than as indicators
Market structure — support, resistance, trend linesNot yet. Drawing them involves choices that two analysts make differently, so a rule would be testing the choice rather than the structure
Discretionary reading — "the chart looks weak"No. Not because it is wrong, but because it cannot be stated precisely enough to be wrong

The boundary is whether a claim can be falsified. A formation written as a condition on open, high, low and close either fires on a bar or it does not, and two implementations can be checked against each other. A trend line drawn by eye cannot be, which is why it is absent rather than dismissed.

A rule and an interpretation are different objects

Almost every disagreement about technical analysis comes from treating these as one thing.

  1. The rule is the condition: a body no more than a third of the range, a lower wick at least half of it, after a decline. It is arithmetic, and it produces the same answer for everyone.
  2. The interpretation is what the tradition says the shape means: sellers pushed price down and failed to hold it. That is a story about participants, and no amount of data confirms or refutes a story.
  3. The measurement is what actually followed, compared against an arbitrary entry on the same bars. That is the only one of the three that can settle anything.

Every formation page here separates them explicitly, labelled as the rule, the traditional claim, and — when the study is republished — the measured result. A page that blends them reads more smoothly and tells you less.

Worth knowing

The most useful section of a formation page is usually the one describing how the detection is wrong: which other formation it is geometrically identical to, and what separates them. That is true whether or not either has a measurable edge.

Why nothing here is presented as a signal

A signal is a recommendation you cannot audit. A rule with published thresholds is a claim you can run yourself, on your own data, and disagree with.

The practical difference shows up when something stops working. A signal service that degrades gives you no way to tell whether the market changed or the method was never sound. A rule with a stated threshold, a benchmark and a sample size gives you somewhere to look — and, when the answer is that the run was flawed, a reason to withdraw it rather than defend it.